What water sources do lions exploit in zimbabwemaryland lacrosse camps 2021 Subscribe to the texas a&m today newsletter for the latest news and stories every week. However, much of the shallow groundwater is vulnerable to contamination. Cameroon also has a number of smaller lakes throughout the country. Hence, lions appear to respond to the high abundance of megaherbivores in this ecosystem. Aggregation of herbivores at waterholes in the late dry season and wet season dispersion of herbivore herds, and particularly of buffalo herds, were expected to lead to pronounced seasonal foraging patterns for lions. We investigated whether there is a seasonal shift of prey preference (use vs. availability) suggestive of different foraging strategies in different seasons. 2009; Sigha-Nkamdjou et al. Do sloths kill themselves by grabbing their arms; In botswana lions take to the water regularly, lions do hunt elephant and hippo and in some areas of the country lions can go for moths without drinking water. For each season, we also calculated the availability of each distance-to-water category in the study area. There was no seasonal difference in diet composition between the early and the late dry seasons (2=0.92, df=8, p=0.99). PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, The deeper Cretaceous sandstones also form an important aquifer, hydraulically separated from the overlying Plio-Quaternary by mudstones. . Lions are stalk-and-ambush hunters that use vegetative cover for concealment during hunting and are known to ambush prey in habitats surrounding high-prey abundance areas . The water is usually of magnesium-carbonate type (Mafany and Fantong 2006). 2006. The least mineralised groundwater overall is in basement aquifers. The Ministry of Water Resources and Energy / Ministere De Leau Et De Lenergie (MINEE) has responsibility for water supply and sanitation in both rural areas and towns through the Directorate of Directorate of Water (DE: Direction de lEau). Twelve-year-old Akoela Francis Kame and his younger brother walk one-kilometer each day to fetch water here. They however went dysfunctional and the community faced a serious water crisis. 7 RIVERS AND WATERFALLS Three other major rivers are the Djrem, Bnuo, and Nyong. The local presence of evaporites in the Mamf basin leads to groundwaters of sodium-chloride composition (Mafany and Fantong 2006). Cameroon: Sahara Desert A Threat to Livelihood and Bio-Diversity. The upland regions have highland forest type vegetation. The rural population largely relies on groundwater for water supply, through springs, hand dug wells, and boreholes equipped with hand pumps (Ako Ako et al. As a country in Africa, Cameroon is situated just between the Central and Western Regions of Africa. 2011. The Project was supported by the Eppley Foundation, Panthera Foundation and the kind generosity of Rivington and Joan Winant, Adrian Gardiner and the Lilian Jean Kaplan Foundation. Groundwater in the deeper confined Pliocene-Quaternary aquifer is dominated by Na-HCO. No seasonal difference in male lion diet was detected, due to the prime importance of buffalo throughout the year. 3B). Please note that the areas of the layout diagrams are different for the engines types, see Fig. That was the only source of water for the entire Mambele community before WWF rehabilitated this stand tap. In: Groundwater quality in Africa, ed. A BGR project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) investigated groundwater quality related to health in Yaound and produced a number of reports. We were horrified seeing first hand the daily struggle for survival these precious women faced and our hearts went out to them. Further, it revealed the opportunistic hunting behaviour of lions for prey as diverse as elephants and mice, with elephants taken mostly as juveniles at the end of the dry season during droughts. The frequency of occurrence of species in the faecal dataset was highest for kudu (24%) followed by buffalo and medium Bovidae (each representing 18%; the medium Bovidae class is dominated by sable and eland for faecal data), small antelopes (17%), and giraffe (7%) collectively contributing 84% of the species found in faecal samples (Table 2). With the help of hydrology experts and in support of the kenya wildlife service, we have drilled 32 boreholes, including 29 boreholes in the tsavo conservation area. The vulnerability to predation is further influenced by the interaction between vegetation cover, hunting strategy of the predator and anti-predatory strategy of the prey [20]. Water supply, sanitation and health risks in Douala 5 municipality, Cameroon. In communities where neither springs nor stand taps are unavailable, the population drink from open streams that also serve for laundry and bathing. Water Supply and Sanitation in Cameroon. Faecal analysis revealed a higher number of species occurring in the lion diet (20 species), owing to the detection of more small prey items, unexpectedly including climbing mice (Dendromus spp.) Your email address will not be published. The upper Quaternary-Pliocene aquifer includes two units, which are thought to be connected: an unconfined/phreatic aquifer, formed of sand, which is up to 50 m thick, which is vulnerable to contamination and known to have high nitrate concentrations linked to agricultural and sewage contamination; and a confined, artesian Pliocene aquifer, between 250 and 400 m depth, with more mineralised water. The main rivers in the south of the country are the Ntem, Nyong, Sanaga, and Wouri, which flow southwestward or westward into the Gulf of Guinea. Pronounced correctly, with a harsh and rolling g, the word sounds nothing like the perfect angles and subtle patterns this lovely antelope displays. With 208 km 3 of renewable water resources, only 1 km 3 is used for drinking water. The coast is hot and very wet, with only a short dry season. Livestock agriculture and fishing are also important, and the commercial bushmeat trade is large enough to threaten wildlife. It was in Etosha that a study proved that elephant can communicate using infrasonic sounds; they literally 'bounce' these off a thermal inversion layer in the atmosphere. Volcanic massifs from the Adamaoua to the Atlantic. Conceived and designed the experiments: ZD AJL DWM FM. 2020 WWF - World Wide Fund For Nature 1986 Panda Symbol WWF World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund) WWF is a WWF Registered Trademark Creative Commons license. AMCOW. Lion prey species found at kills classified in 8 groups and their respective proportions relative to frequency of occurrence. Mambele, situated some 800 km from the nations capital Yaounde, is one of 21 communities around Lobeke with over 23000 inhabitants. 23 Views. Jacobs index finally revealed a very strong preference for kills within 2 km from a waterhole for all prey species, except small antelopes, in all seasons. Here, we investigate the seasonal contribution of the different herbivore species, prey preference and distribution of kills (i.e. It is located in banakata. The river has been exploited by local communities for transport, fish, and water for irrigation. Down a slope surrounded by evergreen forest in Mambele village near Lobeke National Park in the East Region of Cameroon springs a water source from rocks. Namib Desert Schoor Avenue, Bellville, Cape Citation: Davidson Z, Valeix M, Van Kesteren F, Loveridge AJ, Hunt JE, Murindagomo F, et al. Thus the importance of buffalo as prey is despite dry season variations when nutrition and water deprivation weaken susceptible individuals (young and old). Here we investigate potential seasonality in the diet, prey preference and distribution of kills (i.e. Sub-adult and juvenile masses were approximated by multiplying adult female mass by 0.7 and 0.3 respectively [1]. Effect of diffuse recharge and wastewater on groundwater contamination in Douala, Cameroon. Positional data were recorded hourly during the night and retrieved at regular intervals. It was not possible to quantify biomass rigorously from faecal samples, as prey age and sex were not discernible from hair remains. Map developed from World Wildlife Fund HydroSHEDS; Digital Chart of the World drainage; and FAO Inland Water Bodies. Volcanic centres form moderately to highly productive fractured/weathered aquifers. April 20, 2022 Cameroon, a country located in Central Africa, is one of those places. This is consistent with previous findings suggesting that female lion home range size was constrained by the abundance of kudu in the early dry season [40]. In our case this is particularly true for the class small antelopes. Boreholes are between 60 and 200 m deep (UN 1988). Water weed which has invaded and is choking Harare's main water sources like Lake Chivero. Seasonal surface-water dynamics thus, influences the probability which predators can find prey and is likely to have several consequences for the ecology of predator-prey interactions. Funding: The work was supported by the Darwin Initiative for Biodiversity, Disney Wildlife Conservation Foundation, SAVE Foundation, Regina B. Frankenberg Foundation the Rufford Maurice Laing Foundation and Instalite Contracting Bulawayo. Bundesanstalt fr Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR). Copper isn't Zambia's only rich natural resource. We systematically searched for potential lion kill sites by identifying clusters of x:y location coordinates including 4 hours of sequential locations within a defined proximity (150 m), and these were then investigated on foot (see also [4], [24]). The Gemsbok is a large African antelope with very long horns, sometimes used in defence against the Kalahari lions. 2018. Laboratoire de Biomtrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5558, Universit Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, Bt Gregor Mendel, Villeurbanne, France, Affiliation: Lions get their water like most other savanna mammals, relying on watering holes and temporary pools to hydrate. Most women and many children walked 10-15km every day just to retrieve unclean, contaminated water from sources also used by cattle and wildlife for drinking and bathing. Cameroon has a dense network of perennial rivers. In the north, the Bnou River flows north and west into the Niger. UN Human Development Index (HDI) [highest = 1] (2014)*. In African semi-arid savannas, surface-water is a heterogeneously distributed, limiting resource which becomes scarcer as the dry season progresses. This section provides a summary of the geology of Cameroon. 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