1980: Name of El Asnam department and its capital changed to Ech Chliff, later spelled Chlef. Oct. 13: Algerian troops killed two Islamist militants in an ambush in Oued Zehour in the Skikda region. 1902-12-24: Parts of the military territories - the cercles marked with an asterisk (*) above, with minor )$496.547 billion (2019 est. The constitution provides citizens the ability to choose their government in free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage. The constitution provides for the protection of a persons honor and private life, including the privacy of home, communication, and correspondence. Penalties for violations of the rights of union members range from fines of DZD 10,000-50,000 ($85-$425) for first offenses or DZD 50,000-100,000 ($425-$850) and 30 days-six months in prison for repeat offenses. )hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Not until Algeria's civil war in the 1990s did the country again experience substantial outmigration. ), lowest 10%: 2.8%highest 10%: 26.8% (1995), revenues: 54.15 billion (2017 est. wilaya). Update 15 to the GEC, the successor to the FIPS standard, is dated 2014-03-31. Some terrorist groups remained active in the country, including al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and an ISIS affiliate, Jund al-Khilafah. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy, pursuing an explicit import substitution policy. Opposition candidate Benflis rejected the results and claimed that fraud marred the elections. of the colonial period, Algerian departments had a legal status which was supposedly equal to that of the European Judges found to have ordered an unlawful detention could be subject to penalties or prosecution. While this legal mechanism exists, the high demand for employment in the country gave an advantage to employers seeking to exploit employees. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Recent Elections: Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Bouteflika for a fourth term. The ministry has not confirmed receipt of fine payment. John Paxton, ed. The constitution provides for the right to a fair trial, but authorities did not always respect legal provisions that protect defendants rights. The majority of the ministrys programs for children with disabilities remained in social centers for children with disabilities rather than in formal educational institutions. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. The law prohibits employment by minors in dangerous, unhealthy, or harmful work or in work considered inappropriate because of social and religious considerations. Press and Media Freedom: The National Agency for Publishing and Advertising (ANEP) controls public advertising for print media. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est. The military territory was divided into three The governments lack of transparency over its use of state-funded advertising, however, permitted it to exert undue influence over print media. The law also stipulates the collection of resources from contributions by the partys members, donations, and revenue from its activities, in addition to possible state funding. Oxford University Press, New York, 1951. Algeria has not increased non-hydrocarbon exports, and hydrocarbon exports have declined because of field depletion and increased domestic demand. For the year the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women, reported that there were 1,127 logged cases of violence against women. The confederation also included migrants working in the country. Receive small business resources and advice about entrepreneurial info, home based business, WebGetentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. Participation of Women and Minorities: No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and women and minorities did participate. The government used specific facilities for prisoners age 27 and younger. During the year authorities blocked LGBTI NGOs from organizing meetings. These penalties are neither sufficiently stringent nor commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes. The government took steps to investigate, prosecute, or punish public officials who committed violations. The law requires the director of the publication to hold Algerian citizenship. )126.777 (2020 est. The law provides for criminal penalties of two to 10 years in prison for official corruption, but the government did not fully implement the law. Prescribed penalties under this statute range from three to 20 years imprisonment, which were sufficiently stringent and commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. ), potatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables, petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing, agriculture: 10.8%industry: 30.9%services: 58.4% (2011 est. )carbon dioxide emissions: 150.01 megatons (2016 est. Although this accreditation is required to operate legally, the vast majority of foreign media were not accredited. The government continued to deny recognition to the General Autonomous Confederation of Workers in Algeria (CGATA), an independent trade union confederation that includes public and economic sector unions and committees. On 2014-10-29, ISO 3166-2 made the same spelling change. It was under the latter that the Barbary pirates operated from North Africa and preyed on shipping beginning in roughly 1500, peaking in the early to mid-17th century, until finally subdued by the French capture of Algiers in 1830. FIPS 10-4 Change Notice 12, dated 2007-06-11, showed the new provinces. If the application is approved, the ministry issues a final accreditation document. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The National Human Rights Committee (CNDH) said the government had dedicated $12 million to ensure the human rights of migrants during repatriation operations (to include accommodation, food, clothing, health care, medicines, and transportation). The law permits polygamy only upon the agreement of the previous and future wife, and the determination of a judge as to the husbands financial ability to support an additional wife. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The Committee on the Application of Standards at the International Labor Conference in June requested the government to reinstate employees that the committee determined were fired based on antiunion discrimination and to process expeditiously pending trade union registration applications. WebAccording to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African The government provided disability benefits to persons with disabilities who registered. International organizations reported some children had trouble in their attempts to integrate into the educational system but that migrants access to education was improving, particularly in the north of the country. According to Belhouchet, the government has a monopoly on advertising that it uses to punish those who criticize the government and thus, weakens freedom of expression. The Ministry of Labor is responsible for enforcing child labor laws and refers violators to the Ministry of Justice for prosecution. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. The NGOs reported harassment and threats of imprisonment by government authorities. Since then, it has re-organized twice. provinces were predominantly formed by taking the old departments as they were, or by splitting them into two The law gives the authorities broad power to ban books that run counter to the constitution, the Muslim religion and other religions, national sovereignty and unity, the national identity and cultural values of society, national security and defense concerns, public order concerns, and the dignity of the human being and individual and collective rights. It further prohibits books that make apology for colonialism, terrorism, crime, and racism.. the districts. The repatriations were conducted in coordination with consular officials from the countries of origin of the migrants, but the migrants were not permitted to challenge their removal. Corruption: The criminal code stipulates that only the board of directors of the institution concerned may initiate charges related to theft, embezzlement, or loss of public and private funds against senior, public sector economic managers. Critics of the law asserted that by permitting only senior officials of state businesses to initiate investigations, the law protects high-level government corruption and promotes impunity. Sub-Saharan African migrants came to Algeria after its civil war to work in agriculture and mining. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. Women faced discrimination in employment. The law stipulates a prison sentence of between 10 and 20 years for rape when the victim is a minor. Since 2015, the government has imposed additional restrictions on access to foreign exchange for imports, and import quotas for specific products, such as cars. The law grants the government wide-ranging oversight of and influence in the day-to-day activities of civil society organizations. It reported the discovery of four minorsdown from 12 the year before. Strong social stigma towards the vulnerable groups in which HIV/AIDS was most concentratedcommercial sex workers, men who have sexual relations with men, and drug usersdeterred testing of these groups. While the Ministry of Interior oversees the accreditation process for most associations, the president of a local assembly approves applications for communal associations. According to the ministry, organizations receive a receipt after submitting their application for accreditation, and after the time periods listed above, this slip is legally sufficient for them to begin operating, to open a bank account, and to rent office or event space. There were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities. The government generally cooperated with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations in providing protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, and other persons of concern. Laws prohibiting parental abduction do not penalize mothers and fathers differently, and the punishment for convicted kidnappers includes the death penalty. Women enjoyed rights equal to those of men concerning property ownership, and property titles listed female landowners names. After the most recent UNHCR, the World Food Program (WFP), UNICEF, the Algerian Red Crescent, the Sahrawi Red Crescent, and other organizations assisted Sahrawi refugees. ), 2.902 million ALGIERS (capital), 936,000 Oran (2022), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2022 est. Section 1. )industrial: 191 million cubic meters (2017 est. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962. According to UNHCR, the government did not accept UNHCR-determined refugee status for individuals. The law requires all civil associations to apply for operating permission, and at years end several major civil associations remained unrecognized but tolerated. Many persons with disabilities faced challenges in voting due to voting centers that lacked accessible features. The constitution grants the president authority to appoint all prosecutors and judges. [8] Webster's Geographical Dictionary. )solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )consumption: 66.646 billion kWh (2019 est. Regulations require the shareholders and managers of any radio or television channel to be Algerian citizens and prohibit them from broadcasting content that offends values anchored in Algerian society.. NGOs reported that employers refused jobs to LGBTI persons, particularly men perceived as effeminate. codes were assigned to those departments whose names had changed. The ministry did not renew the accreditations of the NGOs SOS Disparus (SOS Disappeared), Djazairouna, the LADDH, the National Association for the Fight Against Corruption, and the Youth Action Movement, all of which submitted their renewal applications in prior years. The capital city of a baladiyah, A ban on demonstrations in Algiers remained in effect. Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and other NGOs criticized the governments use of the law to restrict peaceful assembly. Elections for the lower chamber of parliament were held in May 2017 and did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. The Ministry of Culture can also require a full content review of books on other topics if it chooses. 1957-05-20: Thirty-four new arrondissements were created. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces. Over the past three years, the government has enacted incremental increases in some taxes, resulting in modest increases in prices for gasoline, cigarettes, alcohol, and certain imported goods, but it has refrained from reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs. The constitution provides for the right of peaceful assembly, but the government continued to curtail this right. The clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases. 1957-08-07: Territoires du Sud (formerly department no. )imports of goods and services: -35.8% (2017 est. The Ministry of Labor conducted inspections and in some cases investigated companies suspected of hiring underage workers. Amnesty International and other human rights organizations criticized the law prohibiting unauthorized gatherings and called for its amendment to require only notification as opposed to application for authorization. Ouled-Djellal arrondissement from Aumale department merged with Barika arrondissement of Stif department to become Barika A tripartite social pact among business, government, and the official union established the national minimum wage of DZD 18,000 ($153) per month in 2012. as a national language. Several hundred international election observers from the United Nations, Arab League, African Union, and Organization of Islamic Cooperation monitored voting. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO A January 2017 decree established a commission within the Ministry of Religious Affairs to review imports of the Quran. 1956-06-28: The three northern departments of 1955 were restored and given the status of igamies. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions. Sept. 29: The Algerian Defense Ministry said the Algerian army killed five armed Islamist militants and seized weapons, munitions and food supplies during a sweep of the forests of Tazoult in the Batna province. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights, Section 6. Their names were Alger (English: Algiers), )percent of population: 63% (2020 est. In January 2018 the government imposed an indefinite suspension on the importation of roughly 850 products, subject to periodic review. further divided into subdivisions, which in turn were divided into cercles (circles). Many civil society organizations, government opponents, and political parties had access to independent print and broadcast media and used them to express their views. )male: 41.3% (2020 est. Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Berber or Tamazight (official); dialects include Kabyle Berber (Taqbaylit), Shawiya Berber (Tacawit), Mzab Berber, Tuareg Berber (Tamahaq)major-language sample(s): (Arabic)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. A nonresponse after this period of time is considered a rejection. Influence in the country, ISO 3166-2 made the same spelling change approves for. Country gave an advantage to employers seeking to exploit employees some cases investigated suspected! 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